diff --git a/.codex b/.codex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/Project 5/Stack.py b/Project 5/Stack.py
index 8258829..97e35a5 100644
--- a/Project 5/Stack.py	
+++ b/Project 5/Stack.py	
@@ -1,30 +1,33 @@
 ######################################
 # DCS 229 -- Stack
 # Stack data structure implemented with Linked List
-# Date:
-# Name:
+# Date: 03/29/2026
+# Name: Benjamin Adovasio
 # Resources Used: LinkedList.py from Project 4. I also worked with Pat Cohen on the project.
 ##########################################
 
 
 from LinkedList import *
+
+
 class EmptyError(Exception):
     ''' class extending Exception to better document stack errors '''
     def __init__(self, message: str):
+        super().__init__(message)
         self.message = message
 
+
 class Stack[T]:
     ''' class to implement a stack ADT using our LinkedList class'''
 
 
     def __init__(self):
-       
         ''' initializes an empty stack '''
         self._data = LinkedList()
 
     def __len__(self) -> int:
-        ''' allows the len function to be called using an ArrayStack object, e.g.,
-               stack = ArrayStack()
+        ''' allows the len function to be called using a Stack object, e.g.,
+               stack = Stack()
                print(len(stack))
         Returns:
             number of elements in the stack, as an integer
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ class Stack[T]:
 
 def main():
     '''test functions'''
-    s = Stack() # I added this so stack doesnt need to be reinitialized for each test
+    s = Stack() #I added this so stack doesnt need to be reinitalized for each test
 
     assert len(s) == 0
     assert s.is_empty() is True
@@ -107,8 +110,7 @@ def main():
     except EmptyError:
         pass
 
-    print("All Stack tests passed.") #only runs if all previous tests pass
+    print("All Stack tests passed.") #Only runs if all previous tests pass
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
-
diff --git a/Project 5/TurtleDFS.py b/Project 5/TurtleDFS.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8920754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Project 5/TurtleDFS.py	
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+######################################
+# DCS 229 -- Turtle DFS
+# Non-recursive depth first search for solving turtle mazes
+# Date: 03/29/2026
+# Name: Benjamin Adovasio
+# Resources Used: Project 5 handout and TurtleMaze.py
+##########################################
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+from Stack import Stack
+
+try:
+    import turtle
+    TURTLE_AVAILABLE = True
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    TURTLE_AVAILABLE = False
+
+    class _StubTerminator(Exception):
+        """Fallback replacement for turtle.Terminator."""
+
+    class _StubScreen:
+        def setworldcoordinates(self, *args) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def tracer(self, *args) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def update(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def mainloop(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+    class _StubTurtle:
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.screen = _StubScreen()
+
+        def shape(self, *args) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def speed(self, *args) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def up(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def goto(self, *args) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def color(self, *args) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def fillcolor(self, *args) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def setheading(self, *args) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def down(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def begin_fill(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def forward(self, *args) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def right(self, *args) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def end_fill(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def dot(self, *args) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def towards(self, *args) -> int:
+            return 0
+
+    turtle = SimpleNamespace(
+        Turtle=_StubTurtle,
+        Screen=_StubScreen,
+        Terminator=_StubTerminator,
+    )
+    sys.modules["turtle"] = turtle
+
+from TurtleMaze import Cell, Contents, TurtleMaze
+
+
+class TestMaze:
+    """Lightweight maze implementation used for non-GUI testing."""
+
+    def __init__(self, maze_file_name: str | Path):
+        self.maze_grid: list[list[Cell]] = []
+        self._path_log: list[tuple[int, int, Contents | None]] = []
+
+        maze_path = Path(maze_file_name)
+        for row_index, line in enumerate(maze_path.read_text().splitlines()):
+            row_list: list[Cell] = []
+            for col_index, char in enumerate(line):
+                cell = Cell(row_index, col_index, Contents(char))
+                row_list.append(cell)
+
+                if cell._contents == Contents.START:
+                    self._start = cell
+                if cell._contents == Contents.GOAL:
+                    self._goal = cell
+
+            self.maze_grid.append(row_list)
+
+    def updatePosition(self, cell: Cell, val: Contents | None = None) -> None:
+        """Track visited positions during tests without opening a turtle window."""
+        if val is not None:
+            cell._contents = val
+        self._path_log.append((cell.x, cell.y, val))
+
+    def getStart(self) -> Cell:
+        return self._start
+
+    def getGoal(self) -> Cell:
+        return self._goal
+
+    def __getitem__(self, idx: int) -> list[Cell]:
+        return self.maze_grid[idx]
+
+
+def get_neighbors(maze: TurtleMaze, cell: Cell) -> list[Cell]:
+    """Return each non-obstacle neighbor in north, south, east, west order."""
+    neighbors: list[Cell] = []
+    candidate_positions = (
+        (cell.y - 1, cell.x),  # north
+        (cell.y + 1, cell.x),  # south
+        (cell.y, cell.x + 1),  # east
+        (cell.y, cell.x - 1),  # west
+    )
+
+    for row, col in candidate_positions:
+        if 0 <= row < len(maze.maze_grid) and 0 <= col < len(maze[row]):
+            neighbor = maze[row][col]
+            if not neighbor.isBlocked():
+                neighbors.append(neighbor)
+
+    return neighbors
+
+
+def _mark_solution_path(maze: TurtleMaze, goal: Cell) -> None:
+    """Walk the successful route without teleporting and color it green."""
+    goal_to_start: list[Cell] = []
+    current: Cell | None = goal
+
+    while current is not None:
+        goal_to_start.append(current)
+        current = current.getParent()
+
+    for cell in goal_to_start:
+        maze.updatePosition(cell, Contents.PART_OF_PATH)
+
+    for cell in reversed(goal_to_start[:-1]):
+        maze.updatePosition(cell, Contents.PART_OF_PATH)
+
+
+def dfs(maze: TurtleMaze) -> bool:
+    """Solve a maze using a non-recursive depth first search."""
+    start = maze.getStart()
+    stack: Stack[Cell] = Stack()
+    visited: set[tuple[int, int]] = set()
+
+    stack.push(start)
+    visited.add((start.x, start.y))
+    maze.updatePosition(start, Contents.TRIED)
+
+    while not stack.is_empty():
+        current = stack.peek()
+
+        if current.isGoal():
+            _mark_solution_path(maze, current)
+            return True
+
+        next_cell = None
+        for neighbor in get_neighbors(maze, current):
+            coordinates = (neighbor.x, neighbor.y)
+            if coordinates not in visited:
+                neighbor.setParent(current)
+                next_cell = neighbor
+                break
+
+        if next_cell is not None:
+            visited.add((next_cell.x, next_cell.y))
+            stack.push(next_cell)
+
+            if next_cell.isGoal():
+                maze.updatePosition(next_cell)
+            else:
+                maze.updatePosition(next_cell, Contents.TRIED)
+            continue
+
+        dead_end = stack.pop()
+        if dead_end != start and not dead_end.isGoal():
+            maze.updatePosition(dead_end, Contents.DEAD_END)
+
+        if not stack.is_empty():
+            maze.updatePosition(stack.peek())
+
+    return False
+
+
+def _project_path(file_name: str) -> Path:
+    """Return a path inside the Project 5 directory."""
+    return Path(__file__).resolve().with_name(file_name)
+
+
+def _test_get_neighbors() -> None:
+    maze = TestMaze(_project_path("maze_1.txt"))
+    start = maze.getStart()
+    neighbor_coordinates = [(cell.x, cell.y) for cell in get_neighbors(maze, start)]
+
+    assert neighbor_coordinates == [(5, 1), (3, 1)]
+
+
+def _test_dfs() -> None:
+    for maze_name in ("maze_1.txt", "maze_2.txt", "maze_3.txt"):
+        maze = TestMaze(_project_path(maze_name))
+        solved = dfs(maze)
+
+        assert solved is True
+        assert maze.getStart()._contents == Contents.PART_OF_PATH
+        assert maze.getGoal()._contents == Contents.PART_OF_PATH
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    _test_get_neighbors()
+    _test_dfs()
+    print("All TurtleDFS tests passed.")
+
+    if not TURTLE_AVAILABLE:
+        print("Skipping turtle visualization: turtle graphics are unavailable in this Python environment.")
+        return
+
+    maze_path = _project_path("maze_2.txt")
+    try:
+        maze = TurtleMaze(str(maze_path))
+        maze.drawMaze()
+        solved = dfs(maze)
+        print(f"Visual DFS demo on {maze_path.name}: {solved}")
+        maze.t.screen.mainloop()
+    except Exception as err:
+        print(f"Skipping turtle visualization: {err}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/Project 5/__pycache__/LinkedList.cpython-314.pyc b/Project 5/__pycache__/LinkedList.cpython-314.pyc
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diff --git a/Project 5/__pycache__/TurtleMaze.cpython-314.pyc b/Project 5/__pycache__/TurtleMaze.cpython-314.pyc
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